DokuWiki » Infrastructure » Operating System » CentOS 7

h1. Install Procedure for VirtualBox 5.0

h2. Requirements

To install VirtualBox you will need the following:

* a installed and supported operating system (e.g. CentOS 7.x)

* root-access

* a fast internet connection

* [[repo_epel|EPEL]]

* [[repo_virtualbox|VirtualBox - Repo]]

h2. Preliminary Note

This procedure is based on a documentation supplied by www.proclos.com.

You may also find additional information at

* http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/Virtualization/VirtualBox/

h2. Install Virtual Box

h3. Install DKMS

Install Dynamic Kernel Module System: (automatically installs appropriate kernel modules per

selected version)

<pre><code class="bash">

yum install dkms

</code></pre>

h3. Install C-Compiler and Kernel-Devel

Install the GNU C compiler and the kernel development packages using

<pre><code class="bash">

yum install gcc

</code></pre>

followed by

<pre><code class="bash">

yum install kernel-devel

</code></pre>

Reboot your guest system in order to activate the updates and then proceed as described above.

<pre><code class="bash">

reboot

</code></pre>

h3. Install VirtualBox

<pre><code class="bash">

yum install VirtualBox-5.0

</code></pre>

Start virtual box. @GNOME-Menu->Applications->System Tools->Oracle VM VirtualBox@

h2. Install VirtualBox-Extension

Download the extension from the virtualbox homepage www.virtualbox.org.

Add the extension (VirtualBox 5.0.x Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack) using @Preferences->Extensions->Add@. This extension is needed to attach usb devices to the guest machines and to be

able to connect to guest machines using WindowsRemote Desktop-Client, which is very handy, if you need graphical access.

@VBextpack_update.sh@

<pre>

#!/bin/bash

version=$(vboxmanage -v)

echo $version

var1=$(echo $version | cut -d 'r' -f 1)

echo $var1

var2=$(echo $version | cut -d 'r' -f 2)

echo $var2

file="Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-$var1-$var2.vbox-extpack"

echo $file

wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/$var1/$file -O /tmp/$file

VBoxManage extpack uninstall "Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack"

VBoxManage extpack install /tmp/$file --replace

</pre>

h2. Setup vboxusers

The Linux installers create the system user group vboxusers during installation. Any system user who is going to use USB devices from VirtualBox guests must be a member of that group. A user can be made a member of the group vboxusers through the GUI user/group management or at the command line with

<pre><code class="bash">

usermod -a -G vboxusers username

</code></pre>

Note that adding an active user to that group will require that user to log out and back in again. This should be done manually after successful installation of the package.

h2. Automatic Start/Stop of virtual machines systemd-style

this is taken from http://www.ericerfanian.com/automatically-starting-virtualbox-vms-on-archlinux-using-systemd/

Add a file called @vboxvmservice@.service@ in @/etc/systemd/system/.@

<pre vboxvmservice@.service>

[Unit]

Description=VBox Virtual Machine %i Service

Requires=systemd-modules-load.service

After=systemd-modules-load.service

[Service]

User=user

Group=vboxusers

ExecStart=/usr/bin/VBoxHeadless -s %i

ExecStop=/usr/bin/VBoxManage controlvm %i savestate

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

</pre>

Replace the user after user= with the username you want to run the VMs. Make sure that the user is in the vboxusers group. If you need to delay the start of the VMs until after your network is started or a network share is mounted, locate the service you want to wait for using ‘systemctl’ and then substitute the service, mount, or network behind ‘After=’.

You can also replace ‘savestate’ in ‘ExecStop=’ with ‘poweroff’ or ‘acpipowerbutton’ to hard-stop the VM, or ask for a clean shut-down, respectively.

To enable one or more VMs at boot, enter:

<pre><code class="bash">

systemctl enable vboxvmservice@vm_name.service

</code></pre>

h2. 5 Automatic Start/Stop of virtual machines SystemV-style

As an alternative to the following solution, someone might find https://sourceforge.net/projects/vboxtool/ interesting to investigate.

To automatically run the guest machines in headless mode on host machine startup, do the following((A new feature of VirtualBox 4.2 is a supplied init-script to automatically start/stop virtual-machines. This I've not tested yet. The old 4.1 way is still working fine. So this section remains as 4.1 until something better is tested.

)):

add the list of names of the virtual machines that should be started / stopped automatically in following files:

@/etc/virtualbox/machines_enabled_start@ and @/etc/virtualbox/machines_enabled_stop@

Each virtual machine name has to in a separate line. You can create and fill the files by the use of @vim@ or any other text-editor.

<pre><code class="bash">

cd /etc

mkdir virtualbox

vim /etc/virtualbox/machines_enabled_start

</code></pre>

<pre><code class="bash">

vim /etc/virtualbox/machines_enabled_stop

</code></pre>

Afterwards you can check the file-content by

<pre><code class="bash">

cat /etc/virtualbox/machines_enabled_start

</code></pre>

the content should look like:

<pre><code class="bash">

firewall-pfsense

clusterOne

clusterTwo

postgresql-solo

windows7-janus

</code></pre>

As the machines are started and stopped in the same order as in the files being listed you maybe want to stop the machines in reverse order.

<pre><code class="bash">

cat /etc/virtualbox/machines_enabled_stop

</code></pre>

the content could look like:

<pre><code class="bash">

windows7-janus

postgresql-solo

clusterTwo

clusterOne

firewall-pfsense

</code></pre>

Also create a file @/etc/init.d/vboxcontrol@ with following content:

Don't forget to set the correct user @VM_USER@

<pre>

#! /bin/sh

# vboxcontrol   Startup script for VirtualBox Virtual Machines

#

# chkconfig: 345 98 02

# description: Manages VirtualBox VMs

# processname: vboxcontrol

#

# pidfile: /var/run/vboxcontrol/vboxcontrol.pid

#

### BEGIN INIT INFO

#

### END INIT INFO

#

# Version 20110509 by Jeremias Keihsler based on:

# Version 20090301 by Kevin Swanson <kswan.info> based on:

# Version 2008051100 by Jochem Kossen <jochem.kossen@gmail.com>

# http://farfewertoes.com

#

# Released in the public domain

#

# This file came with a README file containing the instructions on how

# to use this script.

#

# Source function library.

if [ -f /etc/init.d/functions ] ; then

. /etc/init.d/functions

elif [ -f /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions ] ; then

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

else

exit 1

fi

################################################################################

# INITIAL CONFIGURATION

VBOXDIR="/etc/virtualbox"

VM_USER="OMB"

USE_NAT="no"

export PATH="${PATH:+$PATH:}/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"

if [ -f $VBOXDIR/config ]; then

. $VBOXDIR/config

fi

SU="su $VM_USER -c"

VBOXMANAGE="VBoxManage -nologo"

################################################################################

# FUNCTIONS

# Determine if USE_NAT is set to "yes"

use_nat() {

if [ "$USE_NAT" = "yes" ]; then

return `true`

else

return `false`

fi

}

log_failure_msg() {

echo $1

}

log_action_msg() {

echo $1

}

# Check for running machines every few seconds; return when all machines are

# down

wait_for_closing_machines() {

RUNNING_MACHINES=`$SU "$VBOXMANAGE list runningvms" | wc -l`

if [ $RUNNING_MACHINES != 0 ]; then

sleep 2

wait_for_closing_machines

fi

}

################################################################################

# RUN

case "$1" in

start)

if [ -f /etc/virtualbox/machines_enabled_start ]; then

cat /etc/virtualbox/machines_enabled_start | while read VM; do

log_action_msg "Starting VM: $VM ..."

$SU "$VBOXMANAGE startvm "$VM" --type headless"

sleep 20

RETVAL=$?

done

touch /var/lock/subsys/vboxcontrol

fi

;;

stop)

# NOTE: this stops all running VM's. Not just the ones listed in the

# config

cat /etc/virtualbox/machines_enabled_stop  | while read VM; do

log_action_msg "Shutting down VM: $VM ..."

$SU "$VBOXMANAGE controlvm "$VM" acpipowerbutton"

sleep 10

done

rm -f /var/lock/subsys/vboxcontrol

wait_for_closing_machines

;;

export)

# NOTE: this stops and exports the listed VMs

cat /etc/virtualbox/machines_enabled_export  | while read VM; do

  log_action_msg "Shutting down VM: $VM ..."

  $SU "$VBOXMANAGE controlvm "$VM" acpipowerbutton"

  /bin/echo -en "\a" > /dev/console

  sleep 10

done

wait_for_closing_machines

JKE_DATE=$(date +%F)

cat /etc/virtualbox/machines_enabled_export  | while read VM; do

  log_action_msg "Exporting VM: $VM ..."

  $SU "$VBOXMANAGE export "$VM" -o "$VM"_"$JKE_DATE"."ova" --manifest --vsys 0 --version $JKE_DATE"

done

rm -f /var/lock/subsys/vboxcontrol

;;

start-vm)

log_action_msg "Starting VM: $2 ..."

$SU "$VBOXMANAGE startvm "$2" --type headless"

;;

stop-vm)

log_action_msg "Stopping VM: $2 ..."

$SU "$VBOXMANAGE controlvm "$2" acpipowerbutton"

;;

poweroff-vm)

log_action_msg "Powering off VM: $2 ..."

$SU "$VBOXMANAGE controlvm "$2" poweroff"

;;

export-vm)

# NOTE: this exports the given VM

log_action_msg "Exporting VM: $2 ..."

JKE_DATE=$(date +%F)

$SU "$VBOXMANAGE export "$2" -o "$2"_"$JKE_DATE"."ova" --manifest --vsys 0 --version $JKE_DATE"

;;

status)

echo "The following virtual machines are currently running:"

$SU "$VBOXMANAGE list runningvms" | while read VM; do

echo -n "$VM ("

echo -n `$SU "VBoxManage showvminfo ${VM%% *}|grep Name:|sed -e 's/^Name:s*//g'"`

echo ')'

done

;;

*)

echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|export|start-vm <VM

name>|stop-vm <VM name>|poweroff-vm <VM name>}|export-vm <VMname>"

exit 3

esac

exit 0

</pre>

To make the file executeable do

<pre><code class="bash">

chmod +x /etc/init.d/vboxcontrol

</code></pre>

Add vboxcontrol as service:

<pre><code class="bash">

cd /etc/init.d

chkconfig --add vboxcontrol

</code></pre>

Manually start the service

<pre><code class="bash">

service vboxcontrol start

</code></pre>

you can check the runlevels by

<pre><code class="bash">

chkconfig --list vboxcontrol

</code></pre>

you should get an output like:

<pre><code class="bash">

vboxcontrol     0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on   4:on   5:on   6:off

</code></pre>

With this setup, guest machines are also automatically shutdown cleanly in a host shutdown

process. The shell-script @vboxcontrol@ processes the file @machines_enabled_stop@. The first machines is sent a ACPI-Poweroff-Signal, after 10 seconds the second machine and so on. After the last machine have got the ACPI-Poweroff-Signal the script waits until all machines have reached power-off-status. By doing so a crashed or hanging virtual machine will prevent a shutdown of the host-system.

At boot-time each virtual machine being listed in the file @machines_enabled_start@ is being started according to the order within the file. The time gap between each machine is 20 seconds.

h2. Problem

h3. KVM and Virtualbox side by side

VirtualBox might not work while KVM extensions are active

http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/kvm-virtualbox.html may help