Install » Historie » Version 7
Jeremias Keihsler, 13.04.2019 10:53
1 | 1 | Jeremias Keihsler | h1. Install Procedure for CentOS 7.x |
---|---|---|---|
2 | |||
3 | I want to say first that this is not the only way of setting up such a system. There are many ways of achieving this goal but this is the way I take. |
||
4 | |||
5 | h2. 1 Requirements |
||
6 | |||
7 | To install such a system you will need the following: |
||
8 | |||
9 | 2 | Jeremias Keihsler | * Download the two CentOS 7.x DVDs from a mirror next to you (the list of mirrors can be found here: http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos/6/isos/x86_64/). |
10 | 1 | Jeremias Keihsler | * a fast Internet connection. |
11 | |||
12 | h2. 2 Preliminary Note |
||
13 | |||
14 | In this tutorial I use the hostname @server1.example.com@ with the IP address @192.168.0.100@ and the gateway @192.168.0.1@. These settings might differ for you, so you have to replace them where appropriate. |
||
15 | |||
16 | h2. 3 Configure The Base System |
||
17 | |||
18 | Boot from your first CentOS 7.x DVD. |
||
19 | As it can take a long time to test the installation media we skip this test here and press @<ENTER>@ at the boot prompt: |
||
20 | |||
21 | !{width 500}centos7_inst01.png! |
||
22 | |||
23 | Choose your language next: |
||
24 | |||
25 | !{width 500}centos7_inst02.png! |
||
26 | |||
27 | Instead of the step-by-step approach the previous CentOS-installer took, CentOS 7 uses a central point of configuration. |
||
28 | We will enter each section and return until all our settings are done. |
||
29 | |||
30 | !{width 500}centos7_inst03.png! |
||
31 | |||
32 | h3. Network & Hostname |
||
33 | |||
34 | Set the hostname manually, e.g. @server1.example.com@ |
||
35 | |||
36 | Enable the network interfaces and @configure@ each of them |
||
37 | |||
38 | !{width 500}centos7_inst04.png! |
||
39 | |||
40 | On to the configure network. The default setting here is to configure the network interfaces with DHCP, but we are installing a server, so static IP addresses are not a bad idea… Click on the Edit button after selecting the interface. |
||
41 | |||
42 | !{width 500}centos7_inst07.png! |
||
43 | |||
44 | In the window that pops up uncheck Dynamic IP configuration (DHCP) and Enable IPv6 support and give your network card a static IP address (in this tutorial I'm using the IP address 192.168.0.100 for demonstration purposes) and a suitable netmask (e.g. 255.255.255.0; if you are not sure about the right values, http://www.subnetmask.info might help you) also enter a gateway (e.g. 192.168.0.1) and up to two DNS servers (e.g. 8.8.8.8 and 145.253.2.75). By default all interfaces are not connected automatically, in most cases you want to change this. |
||
45 | |||
46 | !{width 500}centos7_inst06.png! |
||
47 | |||
48 | h3. Date & Time |
||
49 | |||
50 | Choose your time zone: |
||
51 | |||
52 | Check Date and Time, as many services are very dependant on the timestamp you should set an approprate time-server or even better a time-server-pool. If you have internet access and are based in germany you might want to use following public NTP-server-pool. |
||
53 | |||
54 | <pre><code class="bash"> |
||
55 | 0.de.pool.ntp.org |
||
56 | 1.de.pool.ntp.org |
||
57 | 2.de.pool.ntp.org |
||
58 | 3.de.pool.ntp.org |
||
59 | </code></pre> |
||
60 | |||
61 | check www.ntp.org for details. If you don't have access to a public NTP-server ask your admin for a local NTP-server. |
||
62 | |||
63 | !{width 500}centos7_inst08.png! |
||
64 | |||
65 | h3. Keyboard |
||
66 | |||
67 | Select your keyboard layout: |
||
68 | |||
69 | !{width 500}centos7_inst09.png! |
||
70 | |||
71 | h3. Installation Source |
||
72 | |||
73 | you may point to a local source or a web-based-server |
||
74 | |||
75 | !{width 500}centos7_inst10.png! |
||
76 | |||
77 | h3. Software Selection |
||
78 | |||
79 | for this example we go for a standard @GNOME-Desktop@ |
||
80 | |||
81 | But you may want to consider a more appropriate selection for your system. |
||
82 | |||
83 | !{width 500}centos7_inst11.png! |
||
84 | |||
85 | 5 | Jeremias Keihsler | h3. Installation Destination NON-RAID |
86 | 1 | Jeremias Keihsler | |
87 | Typically you will choose @Local Standard Disks@ here |
||
88 | |||
89 | !{width 500}centos7_inst12.png! |
||
90 | |||
91 | Now we must select a partitioning scheme for our installation. Usually you will want to configure the layout on your own. |
||
92 | |||
93 | !{width 500}centos7_inst13.png! |
||
94 | |||
95 | 4 | Jeremias Keihsler | This will result in a small @/boot@ and a large @/@ partition as well as a swap partition. Of course, you're free to partition your hard drive however you like it. |
96 | 1 | Jeremias Keihsler | |
97 | |_. type |_. logical volume name |_. mount point |_. size | |
||
98 | |_. small database server | lv_swap | swap | 512| |
||
99 | |_. | lv_home | \home | 1024| |
||
100 | |_. | lv_var_log | \var\log | 1024| |
||
101 | |_. | lv_var | \var | 8192| |
||
102 | |_. | lv_root | \ | 8192| |
||
103 | |||
104 | Click on @Done@ to continue: |
||
105 | |||
106 | !{width 500}centos7_inst14.png! |
||
107 | |||
108 | * The hard drive is going to be formatted |
||
109 | * After the drive being formatted the partitioning layout needs to be written to disk |
||
110 | 5 | Jeremias Keihsler | |
111 | h3. Installation Destination RAID1 |
||
112 | |||
113 | taken from: https://www.tuxfixer.com/centos-7-installation-with-lvm-raid-1-mirroring/ |
||
114 | |||
115 | Select both disks from the available devices and choose “I will configure partitioning” option: |
||
116 | |||
117 | 6 | Jeremias Keihsler | !{width 500}centos_7_inst_raid1_01.png! |
118 | 1 | Jeremias Keihsler | |
119 | 7 | Jeremias Keihsler | You will be redirected to MANUAL PARTITIONING screen. |
120 | |||
121 | First create boot partition with the following parameters: |
||
122 | * mount point: /boot |
||
123 | * size: 1024MB |
||
124 | * device type: RAID |
||
125 | * RAID level: RAID 1 (Mirroring) |
||
126 | * file system: xfs |
||
127 | |||
128 | !{width 500}centos_7_inst_raid1_02.png! |
||
129 | |||
130 | Now let’s create swap and root partitions. We will create them inside the volume group called centos which will be placed on top of RAID 1. |
||
131 | |||
132 | Let’s start from swap creation with the following parameters: |
||
133 | * mount point: swap |
||
134 | * device type: LVM |
||
135 | * files system: swap |
||
136 | |||
137 | During swap creation choose Device Type: LVM and click on Modify button in Volume Group area: |
||
138 | |||
139 | !{width 500}centos_7_inst_raid1_03.png! |
||
140 | |||
141 | Now we need to create centos Volume Group on the top of RAID 1 (using automatic size policy): |
||
142 | |||
143 | !{width 500}centos_7_inst_raid1_04.png! |
||
144 | |||
145 | swap partition is now created as a Logical Volume named centos-swap: |
||
146 | |||
147 | !{width 500}centos_7_inst_raid1_05.png! |
||
148 | |||
149 | Now create root partition with the following parameters: |
||
150 | * mount point: / |
||
151 | * device type: LVM (use previously created centos VG on top of RAID 1) |
||
152 | * files system: xfs |
||
153 | |||
154 | !{width 500}centos_7_inst_raid1_06.png! |
||
155 | |||
156 | root partition is now created as a Logical Volume named centos-root. |
||
157 | |||
158 | Click on Done button, accept all the changes made to the partitions on SUMMARY OF CHANGES screen, return to INSTALLATION SUMMARY screen and continue installation as usual. |
||
159 | |||
160 | 1 | Jeremias Keihsler | h2. 4 Install The Base System |
161 | |||
162 | |||
163 | !{width 500}centos7_inst15.png! |
||
164 | |||
165 | !{width 500}centos7_inst16.png! |
||
166 | |||
167 | h3. Set ROOT password |
||
168 | |||
169 | Give @root@ a password: |
||
170 | |||
171 | !{width 500}centos7_inst17.png! |
||
172 | |||
173 | h3. Create Additional User |
||
174 | |||
175 | you should always have a user even in a server environment. Use your root access only when necessary to prevent unintended changes to the system. |
||
176 | |||
177 | !{width 500}centos7_inst18.png! |
||
178 | |||
179 | |||
180 | !{width 500}centos7_inst19.png! |
||
181 | |||
182 | !{width 500}centos7_inst20.png! |
||
183 | |||
184 | h2. Initial Setup |
||
185 | |||
186 | |||
187 | |||
188 | !{width 500}centos7_inst21.png! |
||
189 | |||
190 | h3. Licence Information |
||
191 | |||
192 | |||
193 | !{width 500}centos7_inst22.png! |
||
194 | !{width 500}centos7_inst23.png! |
||
195 | |||
196 | If you enable kdump, you may want to stay with the preset defaults. |
||
197 | |||
198 | Let's go Finish |
||
199 | |||
200 | !{width 500}centos7_inst24.png! |
||
201 | |||
202 | Finally, the installation is complete, and you can remove your CD or DVD from the computer and reboot it: |
||
203 | |||
204 | Welcome to your GNOME-Desktop-Environment. |
||
205 | |||
206 | After finishing our installation let's login the very first time. |
||
207 | |||
208 | !{width 500}centos7_inst25.png! |
||
209 | |||
210 | We change the screen to a text console via @CTRL-ALT-F2@ |
||
211 | |||
212 | Please provide your username @root@. Do you still remember the password you thought of a few minutes ago? |
||
213 | |||
214 | !{width 500}centos7_inst26.png! |
||
215 | |||
216 | get all the latest updates via @yum update@ |
||
217 | |||
218 | !{width 500}centos7_inst27.png! |
||
219 | |||
220 | The installation begins. This will take a few minutes: |
||
221 | |||
222 | h2. 5 Post Installation Steps |
||
223 | |||
224 | h3. Install additional packages |
||
225 | |||
226 | With @minimal Desktop@ the most important packages are already installed. If you are curious about installed and available package-groups use |
||
227 | <pre><code class="bash"> |
||
228 | yum grouplist |
||
229 | </code></pre> |
||
230 | and install additional groups via |
||
231 | <pre><code class="bash"> |
||
232 | yum groupinstall "xxx" |
||
233 | </code></pre> |