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Install » Historie » Version 7

Jeremias Keihsler, 13.04.2019 10:53

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h1. Install Procedure for CentOS 7.x
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I want to say first that this is not the only way of setting up such a system. There are many ways of achieving this goal but this is the way I take.
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h2. 1 Requirements
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To install such a system you will need the following:
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* Download the two CentOS 7.x DVDs from a mirror next to you (the list of mirrors can be found here: http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos/6/isos/x86_64/).
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* a fast Internet connection.
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h2. 2 Preliminary Note
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In this tutorial I use the hostname @server1.example.com@ with the IP address @192.168.0.100@ and the gateway @192.168.0.1@. These settings might differ for you, so you have to replace them where appropriate.
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h2. 3 Configure The Base System
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Boot from your first CentOS 7.x DVD. 
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As it can take a long time to test the installation media we skip this test here and press @<ENTER>@ at the boot prompt: 
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!{width 500}centos7_inst01.png!
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Choose your language next: 
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!{width 500}centos7_inst02.png!
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Instead of the step-by-step approach the previous CentOS-installer took, CentOS 7 uses a central point of configuration.
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We will enter each section and return until all our settings are done.
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!{width 500}centos7_inst03.png!
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h3. Network & Hostname
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Set the hostname manually, e.g. @server1.example.com@
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Enable the network interfaces and @configure@ each of them
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!{width 500}centos7_inst04.png!
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On to the configure network. The default setting here is to configure the network interfaces with DHCP, but we are installing a server, so static IP addresses are not a bad idea… Click on the Edit button after selecting the interface. 
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!{width 500}centos7_inst07.png!
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In the window that pops up uncheck Dynamic IP configuration (DHCP) and Enable IPv6 support and give your network card a static IP address (in this tutorial I'm using the IP address 192.168.0.100 for demonstration purposes) and a suitable netmask (e.g. 255.255.255.0; if you are not sure about the right values, http://www.subnetmask.info might help you) also enter a gateway (e.g. 192.168.0.1) and up to two DNS servers (e.g. 8.8.8.8 and 145.253.2.75). By default all interfaces are not connected automatically, in most cases you want to change this. 
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!{width 500}centos7_inst06.png!
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h3. Date & Time
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Choose your time zone:
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Check Date and Time, as many services are very dependant on the timestamp you should set an approprate time-server or even better a time-server-pool. If you have internet access and are based in germany you might want to use following public NTP-server-pool.
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<pre><code class="bash">
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0.de.pool.ntp.org
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1.de.pool.ntp.org
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2.de.pool.ntp.org
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3.de.pool.ntp.org
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</code></pre>
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check www.ntp.org for details. If you don't have access to a public NTP-server ask your admin for a local NTP-server. 
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!{width 500}centos7_inst08.png!
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h3. Keyboard
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Select your keyboard layout: 
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!{width 500}centos7_inst09.png!
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h3. Installation Source
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you may point to a local source or a web-based-server
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!{width 500}centos7_inst10.png!
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h3. Software Selection
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for this example we go for a standard @GNOME-Desktop@
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But you may want to consider a more appropriate selection for your system.
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!{width 500}centos7_inst11.png!
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h3. Installation Destination NON-RAID
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Typically you will choose @Local Standard Disks@ here 
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!{width 500}centos7_inst12.png!
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Now we must select a partitioning scheme for our installation. Usually you will want to configure the layout on your own.
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!{width 500}centos7_inst13.png!
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This will result in a small @/boot@ and a large @/@ partition as well as a swap partition. Of course, you're free to partition your hard drive however you like it.
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|_. type                  |_. logical volume name |_. mount point |_. size |
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|_. small database server | lv_swap             | swap        |   512|
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|_.                       | lv_home             | \home       |  1024|
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|_.                       | lv_var_log          | \var\log    |  1024|
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|_.                       | lv_var              | \var        |  8192|
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|_.                       | lv_root             | \           |  8192|
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Click on @Done@ to continue: 
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!{width 500}centos7_inst14.png!
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* The hard drive is going to be formatted
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* After the drive being formatted the partitioning layout needs to be written to disk
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h3. Installation Destination RAID1
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taken from: https://www.tuxfixer.com/centos-7-installation-with-lvm-raid-1-mirroring/
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Select both disks from the available devices and choose “I will configure partitioning” option:
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!{width 500}centos_7_inst_raid1_01.png!
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You will be redirected to MANUAL PARTITIONING screen.
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First create boot partition with the following parameters:
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* mount point: /boot
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* size: 1024MB
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* device type: RAID
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* RAID level: RAID 1 (Mirroring)
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* file system: xfs
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!{width 500}centos_7_inst_raid1_02.png!
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Now let’s create swap and root partitions. We will create them inside the volume group called centos which will be placed on top of RAID 1.
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Let’s start from swap creation with the following parameters:
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* mount point: swap
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* device type: LVM
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* files system: swap
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During swap creation choose Device Type: LVM and click on Modify button in Volume Group area:
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!{width 500}centos_7_inst_raid1_03.png!
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Now we need to create centos Volume Group on the top of RAID 1 (using automatic size policy):
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!{width 500}centos_7_inst_raid1_04.png!
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swap partition is now created as a Logical Volume named centos-swap:
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!{width 500}centos_7_inst_raid1_05.png!
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Now create root partition with the following parameters:
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* mount point: /
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* device type: LVM (use previously created centos VG on top of RAID 1)
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* files system: xfs
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!{width 500}centos_7_inst_raid1_06.png!
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root partition is now created as a Logical Volume named centos-root.
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Click on Done button, accept all the changes made to the partitions on SUMMARY OF CHANGES screen, return to INSTALLATION SUMMARY screen and continue installation as usual.
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h2. 4 Install The Base System
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!{width 500}centos7_inst15.png!
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!{width 500}centos7_inst16.png!
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h3. Set ROOT password
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Give @root@ a password: 
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!{width 500}centos7_inst17.png!
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h3. Create Additional User
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you should always have a user even in a server environment. Use your root access only when necessary to prevent unintended changes to the system. 
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!{width 500}centos7_inst18.png!
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!{width 500}centos7_inst19.png!
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!{width 500}centos7_inst20.png!
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h2. Initial Setup
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!{width 500}centos7_inst21.png!
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h3. Licence Information
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!{width 500}centos7_inst22.png!
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!{width 500}centos7_inst23.png!
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If you enable kdump, you may want to stay with the preset defaults. 
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Let's go Finish
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!{width 500}centos7_inst24.png!
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Finally, the installation is complete, and you can remove your CD or DVD from the computer and reboot it:
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Welcome to your GNOME-Desktop-Environment.
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After finishing our installation let's login the very first time.
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!{width 500}centos7_inst25.png!
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We change the screen to a text console via @CTRL-ALT-F2@
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Please provide your username @root@. Do you still remember the password you thought of a few minutes ago? 
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!{width 500}centos7_inst26.png!
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get all the latest updates via @yum update@
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!{width 500}centos7_inst27.png!
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The installation begins. This will take a few minutes:
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h2. 5 Post Installation Steps
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h3. Install additional packages
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With @minimal Desktop@ the most important packages are already installed. If you are curious about installed and available package-groups use
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<pre><code class="bash">
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yum grouplist
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</code></pre>
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and install additional groups via
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<pre><code class="bash">
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yum groupinstall "xxx"
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</code></pre>